![]() ![]() For pneumococcal disease and human papillomavirus vaccination programs, for example, the productivity losses averted made up over 75% of the total financial ROI. The second OHE report estimated these costs for a selection of vaccination programs that are a part of the immunisation schedule in England, and that had previously been shown to be cost-effective to the NHS. From a governmental perspective, productivity losses per worker translate into lost revenue from direct and indirect taxes, sick pay and potential losses in informal care if replaced by public services. While this creates value inside the health sector, for example through reducing absenteeism and presenteeism among health care professionals, most of these benefits fall outside the health care system. The avoidance of long-term morbidity, disability and premature deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases unlock productivity gains in the working population. Productivity costs can thus be defined as costs associated with production loss and replacement costs due to illness, disability and death of productive persons, both paid and unpaid. Initially, vaccine administration may lead to productive time lost, which can be offset in the longer term by productive time gained from preventing morbidity and premature mortality. Vaccines affect the wellbeing and health of the vaccinated individual, which in turn affects their productivity and sometimes also the productivity of their caregiver(s) in many ways. The OHE analysis showed that 60% of vaccines studied will likely have an impact on the productivity of the vaccinated individual, and 80% of vaccines on the productivity of caregivers. This gap – between value generation and value recognition – is particularly prevalent for potential value related to the productivity of patients and caregivers. Hence, they are at risk of being undervalued and potentially underused. For each vaccine, they answered the question: On which of the value elements could this vaccine, when proven safe and effective, potentially show added value? The results show that the vaccines analysed might potentially generate substantial value on elements that are not typically assessed as part of health technology assessment (HTA) in the UK. Subsequently, the authors selected a set of ten vaccines that are currently in the R&D pipeline and are expected to come to market in the UK within the next few years. Table 1: Value elements likely to be considered for vaccines when evaluated by JCVI or NICE Productivity costs for patients and carers are not among the elements likely to be assessed. Table 1 below illustrates that, to date, only five out of these ten value elements are likely to be considered by both the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI), with a sixth value element likely to be considered only by the JCVI. One report introduced a framework consisting of ten value elements to measure the ‘broader value of vaccination’. The OHE recently published two reports on the broader value of vaccination in the UK. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |